mammals

• Be able to identify
• Rodent (continuous incisor growth)
• Grey squirrels
• Red squirrels
• Chipmunk
• Beavers (largest in the area)
• Capybara- largest in the world
• Beaver dams
• Beaver lodge
• Vega- the wetlands created by a beaver dam
• Skunks
• Prey of the owl
• Owl cant smell
• Song sounds like "who cooks for you?"
• Possum
• Rabbit
• Two large front teeth and 2 short behind those
• Not a rodent
• Latin name for rabbits- leporidae
• Carnivores have no molars
• Only shred don’t grind

club mosses

Club mosses ( lycopods)

• They are vascular cryptograms
• Kingdom plantae--> tracheophytes--> vascular cryptogams--> club mosses
• Stroboli- characteristic structures
• Hold spores
• Growth pattern
• Grow in circles
• Grow in groups with other species of club moss
• Often grow on runners of multiple attached club mosses
• Spore use
• As an old fashioned flash for a camera
• Very bright when dried and ignited
• Sporophyte v gametophyte

• Microphylls- tiny leaves that cover the whole plant
• Makes them diff from ferns

Teeth lungs and heatrs

• Rodent teeth
• Long incisors
• Always growing
• Diastema- space between two front teeth
• Long teeth- rodent
• 4 teeth in front rabbit
• Shredding teeth- carnivourous
• Molars- herbacious
• Possum- the most teeth

• Hearts
• Fish- 2 chambers
• Amphibians and reptiles - 3 chambers 2 atrium 1 common ventricle
• Humans and birds- 4 chambers
• Lungs
• Bird lungs
• Air sacs
• Parabronchi-Air capillaries
• Syrinx- vocal chords used for singing
• Sing 2 tones at once
• mammal lung
• Branched Bronchus
• Aveoli
• Large surface area

Bird shit

• Contour feathers
• Retrices- tail- long symmetrical- thrust and lift
• Remiges- wing feather flat side and a curved side
• Body feathers- give bird shape and color
• Parts of a feather aka vane or blade
• Calamus- quill that connects to the bird
• Rachis- central part of feather
• Barbs come off of the rachis
• Rarbules come off of the barbs
• Hooklets- allow bubules to attatch to one another
• Moulting/ molting
• Not all at once
• Symettrical
• Starts at a focal point on wings or tails
• Pterylae- An area on the skin of a bird from which feathers grow.

Feet

• Anisodactyl- 3 toes in front 1 in back- poerching birds
• Zygodactyl- 2 toes in front 2 toes in back- woodpeckers
• Raprotial- claws predators
• Semipalmate- slightly webbed
• Totipalmate- all 4 toes fully webbed
• Palmate- front 3 toes webbed
• Lobate/lobed- lobed feet for swimming

• Who sings?, why?, and how?
• Males
• Mating purposes
• Territorial purposes
• Communication
• How- vibrating syrinx (with air) , or vocal chords, which are part of the respiratory system
• Dichromatic birds
• Male and female differ in color
• Ex: cardinal- male very red, female brown
• Dimorphic- differ in size or physical appearance
• Precocical birds v. altricial birds
• Precocical- mature and mobile at birth- water birds
• As soon as they are born they can swim
• Atricial
• Not mature and mobile at birth
• Need a lot of care
• Song birds
• Birds eyes cant move
• Diving v. dabbler
• Diving ducks have totipalmate webbing
• Dive towards bottom
• Dabbling ducks have palmate webbing
• Flip over in the water with feet in air to eat

lungs, skulls, feet, and feathers

You may need to zoom in a little

Types of bird feet: http://www.fernbank.edu/Birding/bird_feet.htm

Characters of bird feet: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdfeet.html

Feathers: http://www.earthlife.net/birds/feathers.html

The birds!

Top to bottom: grey squirrel, red squirrel, chipmunk

Grebe

red belly wood pecker

Red head, some red/pink on bottom of belly

starling male

iridescent (metallic green purple and blue) colored wings

Cow bird

Brown head, black body (male)

tit mice

Song: "peter peter peter"

black capped chickadee

grey body, black cap, white belly

Acrobats of the bird world

Gold finch

Mocking bird

Junco

pink bill, white belly

Robin

white breasted Nut hatch

long beak,grey wings, black head,

make a honking noise, only bird that walks up and down trees, hides seeds in bark

tree sparrow

beak is black on top and yellow on bottom

white throated sparrow

yellow "loreal" spot in front of eye

female starling

very dull, gaping bill

red wing black bird

red/yellow/orange spot on shoulder of black wing

downey wood pecker

smaller than hairy, beak 1/2 length of its head

hairy wood pecker

beak as long as head

chipping sparrow

rusty head, clear breast

flicker wood pecker

speckled back,white rump, red crest

ground feeding woodpecker

cat bird

black cap, grey body, rusty rump

blue birds

they only eat live moving prey, wont go to bird feeders

cedar wax wing

black line through eyes, yellow tail, red wing feathers

purple finch

"it looks like its been dipped in raspberry sauce!"

Cardinal (female)

male and female look different (dichromatic)

cardinal male

red color caused by eating ilex berries

house sparrow

black bib on throat

english bird that is evicting the blue bird and red headed woodpecker

Blue Jay

all blue, blue crest on head

gold crown kinglet (top) ruby crown kinglet (bottom)

very small, yellow/red head, dusty body